![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Lithium batteries are widely used in portable consumer electronic devices. Pure lithium will instantly react with water, or even moisture in the air the lithium in lithium-ion batteries is a less reactive compound. Lithium is especially useful, because its ions can be arranged to move between the anode and the cathode, using an intercalated lithium compound as the cathode material but without using lithium metal as the anode material. Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from 1.5 V (comparable to a zinc–carbon or alkaline battery) to about 3.7 V.Äisposable primary lithium batteries must be distinguished from secondary lithium-ion or a lithium-polymer, which are rechargeable batteries and contain no metallic lithium. They stand apart from other batteries in their high charge density and high cost per unit. Since 2007, Dangerous Goods Regulations differentiate between lithium metal batteries (UN 3090) and lithium-ion batteries (UN 3480). However, rechargeable lithium metal batteries are also under development. Most lithium metal batteries are non-rechargeable. These types of batteries are also referred to as lithium-metal batteries after lithium-ion batteries had been invented. Lithium metal batteries are primary batteries that have metallic lithium as an anode. The top object is a battery of three lithium-manganese dioxide cells, the bottom two are lithium-iron disulfide cells and are compatible with 1.5-volt alkaline cells. For the common rechargeable batteries, see Lithium-ion battery. This article is about disposable lithium batteries. ![]()
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